NEET 2025

NEET UG 2025 Syllabus Breakdown

The syllabus for NEET UG 2025 is divided into various units, focusing primarily on three key subjects: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

Physics Syllabus

Chemistry Syllabus

This is a comprehensive syllabus for Chemistry, specifically in the fields of Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry. Here's an overview of the key topics covered:

Physical Chemistry

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

• Matter, Dalton's Atomic Theory, Chemical Laws, Atomic and Molecular Masses, Mole Concept, Stoichiometry.

Atomic Structure

• Electromagnetic radiation, Bohr's Model, Quantum mechanics, Electron orbitals, Quantum numbers, and Electron Configuration.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

• Ionic and Covalent Bonds, VSEPR Theory, Hybridization, Molecular Orbitals, Bonding theories (Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital), and Hydrogen bonding.

Chemical Thermodynamics

• Laws of Thermodynamics, Enthalpy, Spontaneity, Gibbs Free Energy, Heat Capacities, and Phase Transition.

Solutions

• Concentration methods, Raoult's Law, Colligative properties, and Molecular Mass determination.

Equilibrium

• Chemical and Physical Equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s Principle, Acid-Base Equilibria, and Buffer Solutions.

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

• Oxidation and Reduction, Electrochemical Cells, Standard Electrode Potential, Nernst Equation, and Galvanic Cells.

Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of Reactions, Factors Affecting Rate, Arrhenius Theory, Activation Energy, and Bimolecular Reactions.

Inorganic Chemistry

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

• Trends in periodic properties, Atomic and Ionic Radii, Ionization Energy, Oxidation States.

P-Block Elements

• Trends in Physical and Chemical Properties, Unique behavior of First Elements in Groups.

D- and F-Block Elements

• Transition Elements and Inner Transition Elements, Lanthanoids, and Actinoids.

Coordination Compounds

• Ligands, Coordination Number, Werner's Theory, Bonding Theories, and Biological Importance.

Organic Chemistry

Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

• Techniques: Crystallization, Chromatography, and Quantitative Analysis.

Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

• Covalent Bond Fission, Free Radicals, Electrophiles, Nucleophiles, and Organic Reaction Types.

Hydrocarbons

• Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Isomerism, Nomenclature, and Reactions.

Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

• Preparation and Reactions of Halogenated Organic Compounds.

Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

• Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids.

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

• Amines, Diazonium Salts, and their Uses in Organic Synthesis.

Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, Nucleic Acids, Hormones, and their Biological Functions.

Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

• Detection of Elements and Functional Groups, Preparation of Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Titrimetric and Salt Analysis, and Kinetic Studies.

This syllabus covers fundamental concepts in chemistry, focusing on both theoretical understanding and practical skills. The topics are structured to help you build a solid foundation in each field, from basic concepts to advanced topics like coordination compounds and biochemical molecules.

Biology Syllabus

This biology syllabus provides an extensive overview of topics related to living organisms, their structure, function, and interactions, as well as environmental factors. Here is a brief breakdown of each unit:

Unit 1: Diversity in Living World

• Living organisms and biodiversity: Understanding life, classification, and the need for taxonomy.
• Taxonomy & Systematics: Species concept and hierarchical classification, binomial nomenclature.
• Five Kingdom Classification: Monera, Protista, Fungi, and their major groups. Lichens, Viruses, and Viroids.
• Plant Classification: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms with examples.
• Animal Classification: Non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to the class level.

Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

• Plant morphology and anatomy: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flowers, fruits, seeds, and relevant families.
• Animal tissues and systems: Morphology, anatomy, and functions of systems in frogs, including digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive.

Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function

• Cell theory and types: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, and their functions.
• Chemical constituents: Biomolecules, enzymes, and their structure, functions, and classifications.
• Cell division: Mitosis, meiosis, and their significance.

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis: Mechanism, pigments, and factors affecting photosynthesis.
• Respiration: Cellular respiration, glycolysis, TCA cycle, and ATP production.
• Plant growth: Phases of growth, growth rate, differentiation, and role of growth regulators.

Unit 5: Human Physiology

• Breathing and respiration: Mechanism and regulation in humans, respiratory disorders.
• Body fluids and circulation: Blood composition, heart structure, cardiac cycle, circulatory disorders.
• Excretion: Modes of excretion, kidney functions, disorders like renal failure and dialysis.
• Locomotion and movement: Types of muscle movement, skeletal system, and disorders.
• Neural control: Nervous system structure, nerve impulse conduction.
• Chemical coordination: Endocrine glands, hormones, and related disorders.

Unit 6: Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction in plants: Flower structure, pollination, fertilization, and seed formation.
• Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, pregnancy, and childbirth.
• Reproductive health: Contraception, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, infertility treatments.

Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution

• Mendelian inheritance: Dominance, co-dominance, polygenic inheritance, and chromosome theory.
• Molecular genetics: DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and gene expression.
• Evolution: Evidence from paleontology, comparative anatomy, Darwin’s theory, and human evolution.

Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare

• Health and disease: Pathogens, human diseases, immunology, HIV/AIDS, drug abuse.
• Microbes in welfare: Microbial roles in food processing, industrial production, biocontrol, and biofertilizers.

Unit 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Biotechnology principles: Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology.
• Applications: Human insulin production, Bt crops, gene therapy, transgenic animals, biosafety issues.

Unit 10: Ecology and Environment

• Population interactions: Mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism.
• Ecosystems: Components, productivity, energy flow, pyramids of numbers/biomass/energy.
• Biodiversity and conservation: Importance of biodiversity, hotspots, endangered species, conservation methods.